Properties of Urena lobata Linn (Caesar Weed)

Properties of Urena order Lobata Linn (Caesar Weed)PLANT PROFILEUrena lobata Linn.Botanical mention Urena lobata Linn.Common Name Caesar weedParts Used Leaves, Stem, root word and Whole appoint Fig 1. Urena lobata LinnTaxonomical ClassificationKingdom plant kingdomUnranked AngiospermsUnranked RosidsOrder MalvalesFamily MalvaceaeSubfamilyMalvoideaeTribe HibisceaeGenus UrenaSpecies U. lobataSynonyms U. americana U. grandiflora, ,U. trilobataVell., Urena diversifoliaVernacular namesVernacular names atomic number 18 shown in bowTable Vernacular Names of Urena lobataSI. No.LanguagesVernacular Names1HindiBachata, Bachit, Bachita, Bala Bhed, Brachta, Chatkura,Dudh-Khal, Kapasi, Kunjia, Lapetua, Lotloti, Unga, Vilaiti San2.MalayalamUrppam Ottey Udiram, Uram, Uran, Uren, Vatti, Vatto3.KanadaBaralu Kaddi Mara, Bekkina Hejje Gida Dodda Bende, Dooda Bende, Hamsapaadi, Kaadu Thutthi, Otte, Otte Mara, Vatta4.MarathiRantupkada,Rantupkuda, Tupkato, Vanabendha, Vana-Bhenda, Vanbhendi, Wagdau Bhendi5.SanskritVanabhenda, Nagabala, Bala, Atibala6.TamilOttatti, Ottattutti, Ottu Thuththi, Ottukututti, Ottuttutti, Ottuttutti7.TeleguNalla Benda, Nallabenda, Padanikaada, Pedda Benda, Peddabena, Peddabenda, Piliyamankena, Vana Benda8.EnglishAramina Fibre, Congo Jute, Cousin Mahoe, GuaximaGeneral description of Urena lobataLinnCaesar weed called as Bur Mallow, Aramina, Hibiscus Bur and Pink Chinese Burr. It is a sub shrub 60 cm to 300 cm in tallness and basal diameter is 7 cm. Bark is downy and is hard and gristly, within the bark is green in show and outside it is brown in color the wood is medium in density and pale yellow in color. The herb is sustain with lateral and tap root arrangement. The color of os or brown and root system is flexible and hard-hitting roots. The plant is typically have a solitary stem rising from the land withal usually generate more than a few stems and main twigs smooth in the shoot and a lot of twigs the whole time.Dis-colorous, grayish-green, alternating leaves be pubertal on below and above the leaf. Leaves are angulated, oval in shape and lobbed as shallow of 1 to 12 cm. They have margins of indent shape.. The shape of the harvesting is globose and of 8mm to 10 mm of capsules shape and it is having mericarps of five smooth barbed. The plant grows throughout moisttropic and subtropical regions (Liogier 1994).Habitat Urena lobata Linn, is a herbaceous, upright and semi-woody. It is coming chthonian shrub growing, tomentose and 60 100 cm or more tallness. The young stem as well as branches are covered with jolly harsh spreading stellate hairs (tomentum) and bearing simple, alternate variable broadly ovate to round cordate, angled or lobed leaves and sessile or soon stalked pinkish auxiliary flowers.Leaves Leaves of the plant are simple, alternate, petiolate and stipulateblade-very variable. Usually the leaf is broader than long round or ovate, up to 10-15 cm long, cordate at the coarse angled or shallowly 5-7 lobed , the lobes not extending half way down or occasionally nearly obsolete generally acute or acuminate, serrate, stellately tomentose on both surface. But, paler beneath with five to seven pairs of basal nerves which are prominent on the under surface and below the root cellar region there is a large gland and occasionally at the base of two lateral besides. tops Pink colored flowers of Axillary shape and are of typically lonely and petals of five in number. The size of about 1 cm in board. Flower of the herb is shown in FigFig Flower of Urena lobataPetioleVariable in length.StemModerately thick, pubescent in young ones and smooth in mature ones, with long inter nodes.RootThe root system consists of the taproot and trimal branching lateral roots are fairly stout and brown in colour. These may attain a diameter of 5-6 mm and length varying from 20-25 cm. Very small wiry cream color rootlets arise from the lateral roots. Small lenticels are also present towards to base and the outer s urface of the root.Major chemical constituentsThe main constituents of Urena lobataLinn, include flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides such as -sitosterol, stigmasterol, furocoumarin, imperatorin, mangiferin and quercetin (Keshab2004).It also contains kaempferol, luteolin, hypolatin and gossypetin.Geographical sourceCaesar Weed belongs to Asia. Herb breeds all through damp sub-tropic and tropical province counting India, Florida, Hawaii, Guam, Louisiana and in American Samoa.EnvironmentalismUrena lobata willingly assault anxious region, particularly badly cope scarified-pastures and eroded-areas, and it is a plantation of perennial category. This herb is less difficulty in yearly yield. Herb does not grow in wood-canopies. This plant is not struggle sinewy in giant meadow and brush-lands.CultivationSeed propagation is the method of cultivation of Urena lobata. Before sowing the seeds in the prepared land is has soak it in urine for 90 min and it will result a high germination rate o f 96%.. the seeds are discrete by adhere to fur and clothing. The small seedlings are planted in the on the well-prepared land..SoilThe plant will grow in a different range if soil. Fertility range also differs and the new plant will get fertilizer from parent-materials. It will not cultivate in saturated oil where all the minerals exhausted. It is having the capacity to with held the salt in the soil. Water it is need for its healthy cultivationGrowth and managementUrena lobata grow very fast and it will reach height of 0.5 to 2 m in tall in the first year itself. After the first season it will dying-back i.e. its second year of its first of growth we can get a line the fiber after 7-8 months from the plant. It will yield a fiber of 1800 kg/hectare. These fibers are recognized from seeds only. 300-500 kg/ha seeds are getting from the plants of 7 -8 months of age. Since the plant of hostile type the planting in wild way is not advisable.Benefits and DetrimentsThis herb grows as col onies in the concerned area. This growing nature of the plant attend to guard the soil, whereas provides wrap in support of natural world. The gorgeous flowers which will contribute to the aesthetic area which hare colonized. Aramina is the fiber which will obtain from this herb, which looks equal jute fiber. Congo-jute is the fiber manufactured in Africa and Brazil from the same plant (Fagundes, 2003). A variety of extract obtained from the roots and leaves from the plant are benefits as herbal-medicine. These extracts are apply for varieties of disease like malaria, wounds, toothache, fever, colic and joint-pain.A report shows the raw leaves of Urena lobata hold the phosphorous of 67 mg/100g, ash of 21gm, 0.1 gm of fat, 3.2 g protein, 12.8 gm of carbohydrates, moisture of 81.8 %, Calcium of 558 mg and fiber of 1.8 gm. Leaves of Caesar weed give a semi-purified glycoside which is 86 % as effectual as the aspirin which is used as anti-inflammatory medicine in rats. In Africa the flowers and leaves are used as a famine food. The animal fur and the burs that are collected on clothing are a nuisance. On the other hand, the plant can become a harsh-weed in plantations and pastures and it is slight browsed by the cattle.UsesThe traditional uses of the plant were found to be diuretic, febrifuge. and rheumatism. It sever as food for animals as well as humans (Mazumder et al,2001). It is used for malaria, gonorrhea, wounds and toothache.